The Worldview of Iqbal
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Shabistari



See also Chapter 61, 'Shabistari' in The Republic of Rumi: a Novel of Reality

Sheikh Mahmood Shabistari (1288-1340) was born in Shabistar, and spent most of his life in the nearby Tabriz. The Garden of Mystery (Gulshan-i-Raz), written by him around 1311 as a Persian masnavi, is considered to be one of the finest accounts of Sufi thought.

The book comprises of answers to the fifteen questions posed by a Sufi scholar from Herat (now in Afghanistan). Some of these were later revisited by Iqbal in ‘The New Garden of Mystery’, the third section of Persian Psalms (1927), as may be seen by comparing the nine questions from Iqbal’s work with the original fifteen listed below.

Questions in Shabistari's Garden of Mystery Iqbal
1 First of all I am intrigued about my thought – what is it which we call thinking? Q.1
2
What kind of thought is needed on the path, why is it sometimes a virtue and sometimes a sin?
Q.1
3
What am I? Tell me what ‘I’ means. What is the meaning of ‘travel into yourself’?
Q.5
4
Of what sort is this traveler who is the wayfarer? Of whom shall I say that this person has attained completion?
Q.7
5
Who was it that at last became familiar with the secret of Oneness? Who is the wise one that has true awareness?
Q.9
6 If the knower and the known are one pure essence, what are the aspirations of this handful of earth? Q.3
7 What point does the claim, ‘I am the Creative Truth’ imply? Do you think that this mystery was mere nonsense? Q.8
8 How can a mere creature be called to be “united”? How can the creature achieve travelling and journey? -
9 What is the union of the contingent and the necessary? What are near and far, more and less? Q.2
10 What is this ocean whose shore is speech? What is that pearl which is found in its depth? Q.2 (modified)
11 What is that part which is greater than its whole? What is the way to find that part? Q.6
12
How did the temporal and eternal separate so that one became the world, and the other God?
Q.4
13
What does the mystic mean by those of his – what does he indicate by “eye” and “lip”? What does he seek by “cheek”, “curl” and “mole”? He, to wit, who is in “stations” and “states”?
-
14 What meaning is attached to wine, candle, and beauty? What is assumed in being a haunter of taverns? -
15 Idols, girdles and Christianity in this discourse are all unbelief; if not, say what they are. -

The Worldview of Iqbal